24 research outputs found
Tutorials: Resource Instruction for Distance Learners
Academic librarians, devoted to providing resources and services for learners, find both opportunity and challenge in the continuing growth of online programs in higher education. The technology tools available for online courses are also available to librarians seeking to support those courses with research and information literacy skills instruction. Researchers have delineated factors necessary for achieving defined learning outcomes with online tutorials. These factors include assignment relevance, faculty collaboration, and student interaction. A fourth issue emerges as equally critical; there must be a single iteration of the tutorial, posted in a unique online location, and subject to dynamic revision. There are cost-effective ways to serve online learners that meet all four criteria
Device Therapies Among Patients Receiving Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in the Cardiovascular Research Network
BACKGROUND: Primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) reduce mortality in selected patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction by delivering therapies (antitachycardia pacing or shocks) to terminate potentially lethal arrhythmias; inappropriate therapies also occur. We assessed device therapies among adults receiving primary prevention ICDs in 7 healthcare systems.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We linked medical record data, adjudicated device therapies, and the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry. Survival analysis evaluated therapy probability and predictors after ICD implant from 2006 to 2009, with attention to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage With Evidence Development subgroups: left ventricular ejection fraction, 31% to 35%; nonischemic cardiomyopathy \u3c9 \u3emonths\u27 duration; and New York Heart Association class IV heart failure with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator. Among 2540 patients, 35% wereold, 26% were women, and 59% were white. During 27 (median) months, 738 (29%) received â„1 therapy. Three-year therapy risk was 36% (appropriate, 24%; inappropriate, 12%). Appropriate therapy was more common in men (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-2.35). Inappropriate therapy was more common in patients with atrial fibrillation (adjusted HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.68-2.87), but less common among patients â„65 years old versus younger (adjusted HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.95) and in recent implants (eg, in 2009 versus 2006; adjusted HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.95). In Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage With Evidence Development analysis, inappropriate therapy was less common with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator versus single chamber (adjusted HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.84); therapy risk did not otherwise differ for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage With Evidence Development subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS: In this community cohort of primary prevention patients receiving ICD, therapy delivery varied across demographic and clinical characteristics, but did not differ meaningfully for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage With Evidence Development subgroups
Comparison of Inappropriate Shocks and Other Health Outcomes Between Single- and Dual-Chamber Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Results from the Cardiovascular Research Network Longitudinal Study of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Background In US clinical practice, many patients who undergo placement of an implantable cardioverterâdefibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death receive dualâchamber devices. The superiority of dualâchamber over singleâchamber devices in reducing the risk of inappropriate ICD shocks in clinical practice has not been established. The objective of this study was to compare risk of adverse outcomes, including inappropriate shocks, between singleâ and dualâchamber ICDs for primary prevention. Methods and Results We identified patients receiving a singleâ or dualâchamber ICD for primary prevention who did not have an indication for pacing from 15 hospitals within 7 integrated health delivery systems in the Longitudinal Study of Implantable CardioverterâDefibrillators from 2006 to 2009. The primary outcome was time to first inappropriate shock. ICD shocks were adjudicated for appropriateness. Other outcomes included allâcause hospitalization, heart failure hospitalization, and death. Patient, clinician, and hospitalâlevel factors were accounted for using propensity score weighting methods. Among 1042 patients without pacing indications, 54.0% (n=563) received a singleâchamber device and 46.0% (n=479) received a dualâchamber device. In a propensityâweighted analysis, device type was not significantly associated with inappropriate shock (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.59â1.38 [P=0.65]), allâcause hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.87â1.21 [P=0.76]), heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.72â1.21 [P=0.59]), or death (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.93â1.53 [P=0.17]). Conclusions Among patients who received an ICD for primary prevention without indications for pacing, dualâchamber devices were not associated with lower risk of inappropriate shock or differences in hospitalization or death compared with singleâchamber devices. This study does not justify the use of dualâchamber devices to minimize inappropriate shocks
Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 1994
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Comparison of Inappropriate Shocks and Other Health Outcomes Between Single- and Dual-Chamber Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Results From the Cardiovascular Research Network Longitudinal Study of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
BACKGROUND: In US clinical practice, many patients who undergo placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death receive dual-chamber devices. The superiority of dual-chamber over single-chamber devices in reducing the risk of inappropriate ICD shocks in clinical practice has not been established. The objective of this study was to compare risk of adverse outcomes, including inappropriate shocks, between single- and dual-chamber ICDs for primary prevention.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified patients receiving a single- or dual-chamber ICD for primary prevention who did not have an indication for pacing from 15 hospitals within 7 integrated health delivery systems in the Longitudinal Study of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators from 2006 to 2009. The primary outcome was time to first inappropriate shock. ICD shocks were adjudicated for appropriateness. Other outcomes included all-cause hospitalization, heart failure hospitalization, and death. Patient, clinician, and hospital-level factors were accounted for using propensity score weighting methods. Among 1042 patients without pacing indications, 54.0% (n=563) received a single-chamber device and 46.0% (n=479) received a dual-chamber device. In a propensity-weighted analysis, device type was not significantly associated with inappropriate shock (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.38 [P=0.65]), all-cause hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.21 [P=0.76]), heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.21 [P=0.59]), or death (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.53 [P=0.17]).
CONCLUSIONS: Among patients who received an ICD for primary prevention without indications for pacing, dual-chamber devices were not associated with lower risk of inappropriate shock or differences in hospitalization or death compared with single-chamber devices. This study does not justify the use of dual-chamber devices to minimize inappropriate shocks
Device Therapies Among Patients Receiving Primary Prevention Implantable CardioverterĂą Defibrillators in the Cardiovascular Research Network
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143721/1/jah33061_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143721/2/jah33061.pd
Concept Mapping: Topic Organization for Literature Reviews
The Literature Review is an essential component of the research report, yet the search for appropriate foundational resources and related research is often challenging for the scholar. The problem is greater than acquiring the basic skills needed to recognize and find research literature. Most learners donât really even know what literature they need. Typically, they begin by trying to find the very project they have proposed. They are frustrated to find either too little or too much material in the research literature. In reality, the scholar should be looking for something he hopes does not exist!
The Literature Review needs to demonstrate the scholarâs knowledge of his field and orient his proposed project within the existing research, proving a research gap or need. Concept mapping can help scholars place their ideas within the framework of related scholarly research, direct them to appropriate databases and resources, and either verify the need for their study or provide information necessary to refine the research topic.
The session will include the rationale for concept mapping, discussion of examples from presenter experience, suggestions for the librarianâs role in the process, and opportunity for audience participation and sharing
Concept Mapping: Topic Organization for Literature Reviews
The Literature Review is an essential component of the research report, yet the search for appropriate foundational resources and related research is often challenging for the scholar. The problem is greater than acquiring the basic skills needed to recognize and find research literature. Most learners donât really even know what literature they need. Typically, they begin by trying to find the very project they have proposed. They are frustrated to find either too little or too much material in the research literature. In reality, the scholar should be looking for something he hopes does not exist!
The Literature Review needs to demonstrate the scholarâs knowledge of his field and orient his proposed project within the existing research, proving a research gap or need. Concept mapping can help scholars place their ideas within the framework of related scholarly research, direct them to appropriate databases and resources, and either verify the need for their study or provide information necessary to refine the research topic.
The session will include the rationale for concept mapping, discussion of examples from presenter experience, suggestions for the librarianâs role in the process, and opportunity for audience participation and sharing
Starting and Growing a Rural-based Peer Coach Program
People living with HIV in rural areas often have lower rates of retention in care and viral suppression. This workshop will discuss an innovative University of Virginia Peer Coach Program, which uses peers to help at-risk clients overcome stigma and engage in self-management of HIV. We will share lessons learned in moving the program from a pilot phase toward growth/sustainability